Maui is the second largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago measuring 727.2 square miles. Its unparalleled geography and climate are attributed to its favorable position in the northern Pacific Ocean and pre-historic volcanic activity. There are many things to see once in Maui. It is home to several gorgeous beaches, entrancing waterfalls, breathtaking landscapes and amazing scenery. In addition, visitors are invited to see the antics of delightful humpback whales that swim in nearby coastal regions. The island's major industries are, unsurprisingly, tourism and agriculture. The country produces many cash crops including sugar cane, macadamia, a variety of tropical flowers, pineapple and papaya. It is undeniably an island paradise that has been shaped by its rich history, wonderful climate, vibrant culture and ideal location. It continues to attract visitors from all over the world each year who are just as enchanted with the place as they are with the amiable natives.

Naming an Island
Maui derived its name from the legendary figure Hawai`iloa, the early Polynesian navigator, said to have discovered the islands. While the "Big Island" was named after the fabled traveler, the second largest of the chain was given the name of his son Maui. The origins of the name can be further traced back to the demigod of the same title. Polynesians at first called the island Ihikapalaumaewa before the final change. Today it is also referred to as "'Valley Isle" because of its geographical features which include large volcanic mountains enclosing expansive valleys.

From Past to Present; A Brief History of Maui
The first Polynesians settlers to arrive on the islands were the Tahitians and Marquesans. The Tahitians influenced many aspects of the evolving culture including the order and rules applied in the developing society. The Kapu system which was based on a set of laws or taboos that governed every area of life was established and adhered to wholeheartedly. With it came the segregation of classes and sexes and a distinct hierarchy from chief to lowly captives of war. This period marked a relatively peaceful time in the island's history. There were few conflicts and the system was completely accepted by the inhabitants.

By the middle of the 18th century the island was invaded by King Kamehameha I. At first the battle was discontinued because of new conflicts which faced the Big Island; however, the King finally conquered Maui years later. This period also saw the first meeting between European explorers and the natives. Captain James Cook, while the first European to visit these islands, did not actually land on Maui. He could not find an appropriate place to dock his ship and so moved on to the Big Island. The French Admiral Jean-François quickly followed suit and made his first journey to the island, landing at La Perouse Bay in May of 1786. Shortly after the first successful voyages European interest increased dramatically. Missionaries, whalers and traders made up the population of new arrivals.

The missionaries in particular had the most impact on their culture. They were quick to disassociate them from their gods, forbid their ritualistic religious rites and outlaw many of their centuries old practices. The hula was one of the victims of missionary intolerance, no longer were they allowed to dance in the supposed lewd fashion nor dress skimpily. The inhabitants were given new clothing and new customs to adopt. Yet, the missionaries played an important part in preserving some of the island's history. For centuries the history of the natives was passed down orally. Once the missionaries arrived they sought to collect as much information from orators and elders to create written records that could be reproduced through publishing. They also created the 12 letter Hawaiian alphabet which further propelled the literacy of the early natives.

Lahaina became a primary whaling center for whalers from all over Europe. Many ships visited the area, with as much as 400 entering the coastal region in any given season. Some of the whalers remained on the island for weeks to ensure greater profits. This led to a rise in prostitution and rampant drinking. By the 19^th century whaling declined dramatically with the introduction of petroleum.

The island was ruled by monarchies including Kamehameha and his descendants and also Queen Liliuokalani whose reign was shortened after the revolution of 1872. By 1873 the island officially became a part of the Republic of Hawaii. The United States colonized the island in 1898 and claimed it as her own territory in 1900. By 1950 Hawaii was declared the 50^th US state. During World War II the island, became a training base and an area of relaxation for soldiers and marines. Over 100,000 soldiers were stationed in Hawaii undergoing intensive training, which mainly involved sabotage techniques and marine demolition.

At present, the island is considered an ideal tourist destination. Maui attracts a substantial number of expatriates and visitors each year. Yet, there have been some challenges including droughts, high housing prices and damage to some of the island's plant and animal life. The atmosphere of the island has lost none of its charm and tourism continues to be supported domestically and internationally.

Humpback Whale Migration to the Island Paradise
One of the most spectacular things about Maui is its sea coast which becomes home to migrating whales for at least 6 months out of each year. The Alaskan humpback makes the long and arduous journey to the inviting waters of Hawaii to birth calves and enjoy the warmth of the sub-tropical region. In total they travel 3,500 miles and remain off the coast from the winter period until spring. While these are wonderful creatures to behold, their numbers are lower than they were in the past because of pollution, military testing and whaling. They are, therefore, listed as endangered species. Fortunately, their numbers have increased over the years with populations rising by as much as 7% on an annual basis.

The best time to visit Maui, is definitely in the winter months or just before spring when groups of whales can be seen near the coastline. Tourists are often surprised to find that they can actually view these whales while driving on roads within coastal regions. Their grace and beauty continue to be a great lure for visitors and locals alike.

Tourism in Maui
Tourism is, of course, one of Maui's major industries. The most recognizable tourist spots are the Hana Highway, Lahaina and the Haleakala National Park. The Hana Highway spans the eastern coastline to mountainous regions. Along the way visitors can enjoy the sights including a number of spectacular waterfalls and beaches. Lahaina is the bustling tourist center complete with shops, restaurants and the wharf which is the ideal place to inhabit while whale-watching. The Haleakala National Park was established for safe viewing of one of the island's dormant volcanoes. There are also many activities to indulge in at the local beaches. Snorkeling, windsurfing and surfing are among the more popular recreational activities.

The major tourist areas on the island are in West Maui and include Lahaina, Kahana and Napili and on the South side: Wailea-Makena and Kihei. Most cruise ships dock in Kahului, although some vessels do anchor at the Ma`alaea Harbor. In 2004 alone, Maui attracted over 2 million tourists. This figure has risen to almost 3 million in more recent years. It is said that the island of O`ahu receives a large number of Japanese tourists, while Maui continues to appeal to North American visitors.

Maui's Climate and Rainfall Patterns
Maui's climate tends to be pretty stable throughout the year although different areas of the island may experience slight variation in weather patterns. Recorded temperatures are usually warm except in mountainous regions that tend to be slightly cooler. Rainfall has decreased in recent years although the odd heavy shower does occur. Typically when it rains, it lasts for a short period and does not continue beyond morning hours. The leeward side of the island is known for receiving higher levels of rainfall than the windward side of the island. The relative stability of the island's weather patterns and its warmth and inviting climate has greatly contributed to its success as a choice tourist destination.

Special Occasions and Celebratory Days
While the natives of Maui do celebrate standard American holidays there are other special days that are reserved for revelry or relaxation. Some of these calendar events are marked by celebrations which incorporate the varied culture of the island's natives. Prince Kuhio day is celebrated on the 26^th of March followed closely by the Maui Taro Festival that runs from March 29^th - 31^st. The Upcountry Fair is held between June 8^th - 9^th. The historic figure, King Kamehameha, is recognized on June 11^th. Hawaii Admission Day is celebrated on August 3^rd, between the Maui Onion festival which runs from the 2^nd - 4^th. Maui's annual writer's conference is held between August 30^th - September 2^nd.
Taste of Lahaiana commences on the 13^th of September and ends on the 15^th. The Maui County Fair takes place during the last weekend in September. The Aloha Festivals last from October 6^th - 15^th and finally Halloween celebrations get under way in Lahaina on October 31^st.

Maui is, undoubtedly, a fabulous island that deserves the accolades it frequently receives. It is filled with stunning beaches, incredible land formations and exquisite waterfalls. The island's considerable appeal continues to attract visitors in the millions each year. It forms an important part of the island chain, and exhibits its own unique charm, replicated nowhere else in the world.

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